Science,technology and innovation : Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), GERD as a percentage of GDP, GERD per capita and GERD per researcher

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EDUCATION
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
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      - 9.5.1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP
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CULTURE
- Sustainable Development Goal 11
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  - Target 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage
    - 11.4.1 Total per capita expenditure on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage
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      - Existence of more than one job, cultural and non cultural industries (number)
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      - Distribution of exports of cultural goods by income group and domain (%)
      - Distribution of imports of cultural goods by income group and domain (%)
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COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION
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- Demographic and socio-economic
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Science,technology and innovation : Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), GERD as a percentage of GDP, GERD per capita and GERD per researcher

Indicator	GERD as a percentage of GDP
Time	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Time
Country
Albania	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Algeria	0.48	..	..	..	..	..	..
American Samoa	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Angola	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Argentina	0.56	0.49	0.48	0.54	0.52	..	..
Armenia	0.23	0.19	0.18	0.21	0.21	0.21	..
Australia	1.88	..	1.83	..	1.86	..	..
Austria	3.06	3.09	3.13	3.20	3.26	3.20	..
Azerbaijan	0.18	0.18	0.20	0.22	0.21	0.15	..
Bahrain	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Belarus	0.58	0.60	0.58	0.54	0.46	0.47	..
Belgium	2.67	2.86	3.16	3.39	3.39	3.41	..
Bermuda	..	0.23	0.26	0.23	..	..	..
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.20	0.19	0.19	0.20	0.19	0.19	..
Botswana	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Brazil	1.12	1.17	1.21	1.15	..	..	..
Brunei Darussalam	..	0.28	..	..	..	..	..
Bulgaria	0.74	0.75	0.83	0.85	0.77	0.75	..
Burkina Faso	0.61	..	0.17	0.25	0.25	..	..
Burundi	..	0.21	..	..	..	..	..
Cambodia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Canada	1.69	1.74	1.76	1.93	1.86	1.71	1.70
Cabo Verde	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chad	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	0.36	0.37	0.34	0.34	0.36	..	..
China	2.12	2.14	2.24	2.41	2.43	2.56	..
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region	0.84	0.86	0.93	0.99	0.97	1.07	..
China, Macao Special Administrative Region	0.17	0.20	0.25	0.45	0.37	0.44	..
Colombia	0.26	0.31	0.32	0.29	..	..	..
Congo	..	..	..	..	..	0.38	..
Costa Rica	0.43	0.37	..	0.33	0.27	..	..
Côte d'Ivoire	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	0.84	0.94	1.07	1.23	1.23	1.40	..
Cuba	0.43	0.54	0.55	0.52	0.32	..	..
Cyprus	0.54	0.61	0.71	0.84	0.80	0.75	..
Czechia	1.77	1.90	1.93	1.99	2.00	1.96	..
Democratic Republic of the Congo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Denmark	2.93	2.97	2.90	2.97	2.76	2.89	..
Ecuador	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Egypt	0.64	0.69	0.80	0.92	0.91	1.02	..
El Salvador	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.16	..	..
Estonia	1.28	1.41	1.62	1.75	1.77	1.78	..
Eswatini	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Ethiopia	0.27	..	..	..	..	..	..
Faeroe Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Finland	2.73	2.76	2.80	2.91	2.99	2.96	..
France	2.20	2.20	2.19	2.27	2.22	2.23	..
Gabon	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Gambia	..	0.07	..	..	..	..	..
Georgia	0.27	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.25	0.23	..
Germany	3.05	3.11	3.17	3.13	3.13	3.13	..
Ghana	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Greece	1.15	1.21	1.27	1.51	1.46	1.49	..
Greenland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guam	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Guatemala	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.06	..	..
Honduras	0.04	0.06	0.06	..	..	..	..
Hungary	1.32	1.51	1.47	1.59	1.64	1.39	..
Iceland	2.08	2.00	2.34	2.49	2.78	2.60	..
India	0.67	0.66	0.66	0.65	..	..	..
Indonesia	0.24	0.23	0.27	0.28	..	..	..
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	0.76	..	0.79	..	0.73	..	..
Iraq	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	..	..
Ireland	1.25	1.11	1.16	1.15	1.11	0.96	..
Israel	4.74	4.91	5.33	5.80	5.78	6.02	..
Italy	1.37	1.42	1.46	1.51	1.43	1.39	..
Jamaica	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Japan	3.17	3.22	3.22	3.26	3.28	3.41	..
Jordan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Kazakhstan	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.13	0.12	..
Kenya	..	..	..	..	..	0.41	..
Kuwait	0.08	0.06	0.19	0.18	..	0.08	..
Kyrgyzstan	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	..
Lao People's Democratic Republic	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	0.51	0.64	0.64	0.73	0.75	0.76	..
Lesotho	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Lithuania	0.90	0.94	0.99	1.13	1.10	1.05	..
Luxembourg	1.24	1.17	1.18	1.10	1.04	0.98	..
Madagascar	0.01	..	..	..	..	..	..
Malawi	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Malaysia	..	1.04	..	0.95	..	..	..
Mali	0.29	..	0.16	..	0.17	..	..
Malta	0.55	0.57	0.56	0.65	0.65	0.60	..
Mauritania	..	0.01	..	..	..	..	..
Mauritius	0.35	0.33	0.36	0.40	0.37	0.31	..
Mexico	0.32	0.30	0.28	0.29	0.27	0.26	..
Monaco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mongolia	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.13	0.10	0.08	..
Montenegro	0.35	0.50	0.36	..	..	..	..
Morocco	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mozambique	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Myanmar	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.16	0.12	0.04	..
Namibia	..	..	..	..	..	0.65	..
Nepal	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	2.18	2.14	2.18	2.32	2.27	2.26	..
New Zealand	1.35	..	1.41	..	1.47	..	..
Nicaragua	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Niger	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Nigeria	..	..	0.28	..	..	..	..
North Macedonia	0.35	0.36	0.37	0.37	0.37	0.38	..
Norway	2.08	2.03	2.14	2.24	1.89	1.56	..
Oman	0.20	0.19	0.27	0.32	0.29	0.28	..
Pakistan	0.21	..	0.17	..	0.16	..	..
Palestine	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Panama	0.14	0.13	0.14	0.23	0.18	0.18	..
Papua New Guinea	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Paraguay	0.15	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.14	..	..
Peru	0.12	0.13	0.16	0.17	0.14	0.16	..
Philippines	..	0.32	..	..	..	..	..
Poland	1.04	1.21	1.32	1.39	1.43	1.45	..
Portugal	1.32	1.35	1.40	1.61	1.67	1.70	..
Puerto Rico	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Qatar	..	0.53	..	..	0.68	..	..
Republic of Korea	4.29	4.52	4.63	4.80	4.91	5.21	..
Republic of Moldova	0.26	0.26	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	..
Romania	0.51	0.50	0.48	0.47	0.47	0.46	..
Russian Federation	1.11	0.99	1.04	1.09	0.96	0.93	..
Rwanda	..	..	0.76	..	..	..	0.79
Saint Helena	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Saint Lucia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Saudi Arabia	..	..	..	0.50	0.44	0.46	..
Senegal	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Serbia	0.87	0.92	0.89	0.91	0.99	0.97	..
Seychelles	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Singapore	1.90	1.81	1.88	2.16	..	..	..
Slovakia	0.88	0.84	0.82	0.90	0.92	0.98	..
Slovenia	1.87	1.95	2.04	2.14	2.13	2.10	..
South Africa	0.76	0.69	0.61	0.60	0.62	..	..
Spain	1.21	1.24	1.25	1.41	1.41	1.44	..
Sri Lanka	0.12	0.12	..	0.12	..	..	..
Sudan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sweden	3.36	3.32	3.39	3.49	3.40	3.41	..
Switzerland	3.08	..	3.20	..	3.31	..	..
Syrian Arab Republic	..	..	..	..	..	0.07	..
Tajikistan	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.09	..	..	..
Thailand	1.00	1.11	1.14	1.33	1.21	..	..
Togo	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Trinidad and Tobago	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.05	..	..
Tunisia	0.70	0.72	0.75	..	..	..	..
Türkiye	1.18	1.27	1.32	1.37	1.40	1.32	..
Uganda	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Ukraine	0.45	0.47	0.43	0.40	0.38	0.32	..
United Arab Emirates	..	1.26	1.31	1.49	1.49	..	..
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	2.33	2.71	2.67	2.94	2.90	..	..
United Republic of Tanzania	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
United States of America	2.88	2.99	3.15	3.42	3.48	3.59	..
United States Virgin Islands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Uruguay	0.44	0.50	0.43	0.45	0.42	..	..
Uzbekistan	0.15	0.12	0.11	0.14	0.13	0.16	..
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Viet Nam	0.42	..	0.42	..	0.42	..	..
Zambia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Zimbabwe	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Sustainable Development Goal Regions	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
World	1.75	1.78	1.83	1.95	1.93	..	..
Landlocked Developing Countries	0.21	0.20	0.19	0.20	0.20	..	..
Least Developed Countries	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.27	0.27	..	..
Small Island Developing States	0.92	0.91	0.94	1.05	0.71	..	..
Sub-Saharan Africa	0.37	0.35	0.34	0.33	0.33	..	..
Northern Africa and Western Asia	0.86	0.89	0.93	0.98	0.98	..	..
Northern Africa	0.59	0.61	0.67	0.74	0.74	..	..
Western Asia	0.95	0.99	1.02	1.07	1.07	..	..
Central and Southern Asia	0.56	0.56	0.55	0.54	0.55	..	..
Central Asia	0.13	0.11	0.11	0.13	0.13	..	..
Southern Asia	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.57	0.57	..	..
Eastern and South-Eastern Asia	2.09	2.12	2.17	2.31	2.33	..	..
Eastern Asia	2.45	2.48	2.55	2.69	2.71	..	..
South-Eastern Asia	0.95	0.95	0.98	1.05	1.07	..	..
Latin America and the Caribbean	0.58	0.59	0.60	0.59	0.55	..	..
Oceania	1.74	1.72	1.70	1.71	1.72	..	..
Australia and New Zealand	1.80	1.79	1.77	1.77	1.77	..	..
Europe and Northern America	2.32	2.36	2.44	2.62	2.59	..	..
Europe	1.95	1.95	1.98	2.06	2.02	..	..
Northern America	2.80	2.90	3.06	3.34	3.32	..	..
UIS Regions	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
World	1.75	1.78	1.83	1.95	1.93	..	..
Arab States	0.56	0.57	0.59	0.62	0.61	..	..
Central and Eastern Europe	1.05	1.05	1.09	1.14	1.10	..	..
Central Asia	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.15	0.15	..	..
East Asia and the Pacific	2.08	2.10	2.16	2.29	2.31	..	..
Latin America and the Caribbean	0.58	0.59	0.60	0.59	0.55	..	..
North America and Western Europe	2.58	2.65	2.74	2.95	2.93	..	..
South and West Asia	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.57	0.57	..	..
Sub-Saharan Africa	0.37	0.35	0.33	0.33	0.33	..	..
Small Island Developing States	0.96	0.95	0.98	1.09	0.72	..	..
World Bank Income Groups	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Low income countries	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.21	0.21	..	..
Lower middle income countries	0.51	0.51	0.52	0.52	0.52	..	..
Middle income countries	1.10	1.12	1.17	1.26	1.25	..	..
Upper middle income countries	1.37	1.39	1.46	1.58	1.56	..	..
High income countries	2.46	2.53	2.60	2.77	2.76	..	..

Data extracted on 22 Dec 2024 02:44 UTC (GMT) from UIS.Stat

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Science,technology and innovation : Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), GERD as a percentage of GDP, GERD per capita and GERD per researcher

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